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Chaurasi Temples of Bharmaur
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The main temples of Lakshmi Devi, Ganesh, Manimahesh and Nursing in Bharmaur are known as the Chaurasi temples. According to a legend, Chaurasi yogis visited Bharmaur during the reign of King Sahil Verma. Pleased with the King's humility and hospitality, the yogis blessed the king with
ten sons and a daughter Champawati. The temples dating back to the 9th century, are one of the most important early Hindu temples in the Chamba valley. The distance of 65 km from Chamba to Bharmaur is covered by hired vehicles Buses ply only during yatra days in September.
THE EARLY WOODEN TEMPLES BHARMOUR
The successive waves of Mohammdan invasions in the past which had rich have of ancient monuments on the plains were swept off the snow clad mountain lorries of Chamba one of the oldest native states of Indian consequently Chamba proved luckier than most of its sister states of the east while Punjabis not abandoning even a fraction of its rich culture of wealth to foreign power. The temples erected by the rajas of Chamba more than thousand years ago continue to remain under worship until the present times and the temple land grants exacted by them on the copper plates enjoy validity under law even today of special mention are the early wooden temples of Bharmour (Chamba). Constructed of heavy and fragrant deodar wood; though easily perishable by nature ; the temples have with stood the vagaries of time and now represent the sole and earliest extant specimen of stone earning techniques as applied to 7th century A.D.
The wooden temples are located in the heart of the village compound known as Chaurasi. At this place Raja Sahila Verman (A .D .920) the founder of Chamba had spent the evening of his life in the company of saint Charpat Nath and other eighty four Siddhas. These eighty four siddhas perform austerities and undertook tapes and were custodian to Samadhi lingas which can still he pointed out in the small green and in which also stand almost all the temples of Bharmour and which for this reason is known as CHAURASI.
Right at the centre Chaurasi like a jewel in the crown stands the monumental temple of `Mani Mahesh' in whose sanctum `garbha grihya' a huge monolithic ` Shiva Linga' is enshrined. Though the temple is believed to have been commissioned by Raja Sahila Verman in the 10th cent. A. D. the small entrance door of the shrine indicates the early existence of Linga around which was built later the present as one lithic stone structure. At a little distance away facing the shrine is the brass image of Nandi bull who in conformity with the ancient texts stand in all tours indicating the solidity and stability of dharma ( Varsbh hi bhagwan dharma) and is intent on gazing at the splendor of his master Devavi Kshana tatpara). and is the one with fatty ( pin kapol kaya ) script of 7th century record the name of the patron King Meru Verman and the mats craft man Gugga. The insription goes on to state that the raja erected the temple in the likeness of mount Meru OM PRASADAM MERU SADRISHAM and equipped it with various mandopao Rangshallas and Chaitya dormers of special mention in the compound of Chaurasi, is the people of Lakshma Devi which gives the appearance of a simple wooden hut from a distance it is the sole temple in Bharmour which reveals several features of ancient wooden shrines in its exquisitely carved massive entrance door way and rich ornamentation of the interior in wood. While the mesons all over India had already resorted to dressed store as building material in this remote and secluded valley the craftsmen still dreamt their dreams in wood producing charming and lasting effect. Once in side the viewer is heed transfixed by the Devi looking straight at him (Sam) with serene and detached expression (samya) and when the viewers eyes travel down and notices the four armed Goddess standing in warrior like posture (pratya-alidha) with her right foot planted firmly on the head of the killed buffalo demon while with her left hand she catches the buffalo's tail and lift her whole body vertically. Her standing posture corresponds exactly to the description of Devi Mahatamya.
EVAMUKVA SAMPUTPAYA SARUDHA TAMA MAHASURAM PANEN KRAMYA KANTHE CASUHENAITAM AVADAYAT AVADAYAT
The physiognomy of the Devi confirms to the eanous of ideal beauty as prescribed in the ancient texts her face is broad like a full moon the nose has the high delicately arched bridge like a parrots bill her lips are curved like the `sesamum flowers' her brows are arched like fish or willow leaf. Another brass image of Ganesha is cast by the same pair of the artist and the donor Ganesha wears a Gandhara crown and holds his usual attributes. Only his trunk is turned towards the right instead of the usual left. The missing leg of the image alludes to some past invasion which has taken its toll.
The visit to Chaurasi will be deemed incomplete without paying homage to the deity Narsimha whose modest shrine finds place in one corner of Chaurasi. The temple had suffered a serious damage in the earth quake of 1905. In this
temple of
Narsimha the life size brass image shown seated on a high pedestal in European fashion. The awe inspiring deity true to his attributes has rolling eyes, flaming mouth and seems quite ready to pounce upon and tear apart the belly of Hariva Kashyp whose image finds no depiction in metal but is left to the imagination of the viewers. Chattrari temple
Though mostly rebuilt, this temple dedicated to Shakti, houses a sanctuary and a colonnade that preserve
early examples of carved wood work. The sculptures suggest post-Gupta influence from central India. Cedar columns are fashioned with pot and foliage motifs. Enshrined within the sanctuary is a large 8th century brass image of Shakti; the goddess is richly adorned with jewels and a crown. There are also attendant figurines and a brass image of Lord Shiva.
MANI MAHESH
LAKE (4170 m.)
This sacred lake is situated at the base of
Mani
Mahesh
Kailash
Peak (5656m.) and is one of the highest lakes in Himachal Pradesh. It is a place of great pilgrimage and thousands of devotees pay their homage and take a dip here especially in the month of August-September when a `Chhari Yatra' is held. The Mani Mahesh shikara style temple is one of the most ancient and beautiful shrines in Himachal Pradesh.
Life to a dying art :-
The creations came to be termed as rumals or scarves, as they were mainly produced in a square format.
Festival :- Minjar Fair
Come Monsoon, the people of Himachal Pradesh, especially of Chamba surroundings, wait for Minjar very eagerly. Originally this traditional fair was linked with the maize crop for which people of Chamba area use to worship for better crop but today Minjar Fair has assumed cultural and historical importance and got status of National Fair in which a glimpse of rich cultural heritage could be seen. There are various beliefs regarding the origin of the festival. Some believe that it is celebrated to worship Varuna, the God of water. According to a legend, in the 10th century, the riverRavi flowed through Chamba town and the Champawati temple stood on the right bank of the river and the Hari Rai temple on its left. At that time, a saint lived in the Champawati temple that used to swim across the river every morning to perform worship at the Hari Rai temple. The Raja and the inhabitants of Chamba asked the saint to make arrangements to enable everyone visit the sacred Hari Rai temple. The saint told the Raja and his subjects to assemble at the Champawati temple. With the assistance of some Brahmins from Banaras, he arranged a yajna for seven days. The Brahmins prepared a cord of seven different colours and named it Minjar. When the Yajna was completed, the river changed its course and everyone was able to visit the Hari Rai temple. According to another legend, an old woman wanted to meet the king of Chamba to pay her regards. The old lady was too poor to offer anything to greet the king. So she took maize flowers called 'Minjar' in local dialect with her. The king was very pleased at the affection shown to him by the old lady. He ordered the day to be celebrated in the form of 'Minjar Fair'. Minjar fair starts on the last Sunday of July to the next Sunday at famous lush green Chowgan of Chamba with religious fervour. Prayers are offered in Lakshimi-Narain temple and Malhar recited. During the week long celebrations, people wear a silken tassel with stalks of Minjar, the maize plant as a symbol of their prayers for a bountiful harvest. Minjars are sent to friends and relatives together with fruits, sweets and money. The immersion ceremony, which is the most important part of the festival, is preceded by a colorful procession, which starts from the Raghunath temple in the ancient Akhand Chandi-Mahal of Raja of Chamba. The idols of Raghuvir Vermin and various other Gods and Goddesses in palanquins are taken out from the palace and people in thousands take part in the procession which is followed by the old Shahi Flags of the Raja of Chamba. When the procession reaches the place of immersion on the river bank, the Chief Guest stands on a decorated platform. Amidst the chanting of mantras, he throws minjars, a rupee, a coconut, some drub (grass) and flowers into the river as an offering to the rain-god. After this, all the people throw their minjars and offerings into the river. After performing this ceremony, the fair is declared closed and the idols of Gods and Goddesses and Shahi flags are taken back to Akhand Chandi Mahal. The highlights of the week long Minjar Fair is cultural programme by the cultural troupes from within and outside States, sports in which team of repute participate even from neighboring states. The various departments and organizations put up exhibition stalls. People in thousands participated in this week long fair from within and outside of the State.
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